Operations Management and Supply Chain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Operations Management and Supply Chain - Essay Example The firm can also adequately satisfy customers and gain a larger market share than the firms, which apply the conventional methods that mostly base on engineering capabilities. The use of QDF also reduces defects and reworks apart from reducing the design and the manufacturing costs (Kumar, 2014). With the application of QFD, investigation of the product characteristics occurs at every stage of product development. While with the conventional methods, testing occurs for the finished product at the end. It therefore implies that with QFD it is simple to identify the area that requires improvement. Generally, QFD as a product design approach encourages research and innovation in production therefore firms that utilize this method constantly change their product designs and attract new customers and hence rapid growth and expansion (Kumar, 2014). QFD relies on market surveys to identify the needs and desires of customers. To avoid causing harm and inappropriate decisions the survey has to be accurate and reliable. By so doing, it is thus easier for the firm to identify future market trends of their customers and thus make early preparations to meet the requirements. This will also help improve the efficiency in production and minimize uncertainties which results in high confidence in the operations of the firm that also lead to high morale in investing more in the business (Kumar, 2014). They include respect to other designers, truth, honesty and avoiding all conflicts of interests as well as maintaining confidentiality of all the important information. In addition, designer has to be committed in developing and innovating as well as acknowledging the contribution of others and give credit when required. The Lord hates cheating, but delights in honesty (Proverbs 11). QDF is an effective and ethical method of production that aims at satisfying customer

Legacy of the Samurai Essay Example for Free

Legacy of the Samurai Essay For seven centuries, the samurai ruled Japan as the powerful warrior class. As a class of warriors and knights, they led society in feudal Japan. The loyalty to his lord was much more important than his allegiance to his friends, family and even the emperor. Their philosophy was one liberated him from fear, and for these reasons, the samurai came to be the dominate force throughout medieval Japan. War played a central part in the history of Japanese samurai. As regional clans gathered manpower, resources and struck alliances with each other, they formed a hierarchy centered around a toryo, or chief. This chief was typically a relative of the emperor and a member of one of the two dominating clan families of the pre-samurai era. Though they were originally sent to regional areas for a fixed four year term as a magistrate, the toryo usually declined to return to the capital when their terms ended. Their sons inherited their positions instead and continued to lead the clans in suppressing rebellion throughout Japan during the middle and later Heian period. (Cook 24) One main reason why conflict between clans was so predominant was because they were typically started as a result of land ownership. Only a fifth of Japans land was suitable for agriculture. The struggle for control of land eventually gave rise to the samurai class. The samurai eventually became a class unto themselves between the 9th and 12th centuries A.D. They were called by two names: samurai which means knights and bushi which means warriors. The samurai came from guards of the imperial palace and from private guards that the clans employed. They also acted as a police force in and around Kyoto. These forerunners of what we now know as samurai had ruler-sponsored equipment and were required to hone their martial skills. They gave complete loyalty to their daimyo (feudal landowner) and received land and position in return. Each daimyo  used his samurai to protect his land and to expand his power and rights to more land. The first samurai were servants, yet their advantage of being the sole armed party increasingly became apparent. By promising protection and gaining political clout through political marriages they amassed power, eventually surpassing the ruling aristocrats. (Kure 10-12) In the late 12th century, the two most powerful clans served the emperor of Japan: the Taira clan, and the Minamoto clan. These two families became bitter rivals, and in 1192, Minamoto Yoritomo led his clan to victory over the Taira. The emperor, the traditional head of the Japanese government, declared Minamoto Yoritomo shogun, the head of the military. However, Yoritomo used his new power to strip the emperor of all political power, make his position as shogun permanent, and set up a military dictatorship known as bakufu. So, the samurai went from being servants of the land-owning daimyos to being the rulers of Japan under the shogun. (Dean 21) Over time, powerful samurai clans became warrior nobility, who were only technically under the court aristocracy. When the samurai began to adopt aristocratic pastimes like calligraphy, poetry and music, some court aristocrats in turn began to adopt samurai customs. (Dean 22) In spite of various scheming and brief periods of rule by various emperors, real power was now in the hands of the shogun and the samurai. The reign of the samurai lasted until the late 19th century. The image of the samurai that is probably most well-known is that of a sword expert, brandishing his curved katana with deadly skill. However, for the first few centuries of their existence, samurai were better known as horse-riding archers. Firing a bow while riding a horse was a demanding task, and mastering it required years of relentless practice. Some archers practiced on targets tethered to a pole, which could be swung to make a moving target. For a time, living dogs were used as moving archery targets, until the shogun abolished the malicious practice. (Turnbull 45) The amount and form of a samurais training depended on the wealth of his family. In  lower-class families, sons were sometimes sent to village schools for basic education, but they received most of their samurai training from their fathers, older brother, or uncles. Training in martial arts was considered very important, and often began at age five. Sons of wealthy families were sent to special academies, where they were tutored in literature, the arts, and military skills. (Daidoji, Ratti, and Cleary 6-10) Swordsmanship was taught in a similarly relentless manner. The most recognized weapon of the samurai throughout history was the katana. The oldest swords were straight and had their early design in Korea and China. A katana was never worn without its companion sword, the wakizashi; it was a shorter sword with a broader blade. Together the two swords are referred to as daisho, meaning large and small. The word dai (large) represents the katana and the word sho (small) represents the wakizashi. The smiths who created the katana for the samurai are widely regarded as the finest sword makers in history. (Daidoji, Ratti, and Cleary 42) The samurais desire for tougher, sharper swords in battle gave rise to the curved blade. One of the biggest problems in making a sword is keeping it sharp. A weapon made with a hard metal will keep its edge, but will be brittle and prone to breaking. Japanese sword smiths solved this problem by making the core of the sword with a soft metal that wouldnt break. This core was then covered with layers of harder metals that were repeatedly folded and hammered until there were literally millions of layers of metal laminated together. The edge was so sharp that a skilled swordsman could slice a human in half with one blow. Upon completion, the sword tester took the new blade and cut through the bodies of corpses or condemned criminals. They started by cutting through the small bones of the body and moved up to the large bones. Test results were often recorded on the nakago (the metal piece attaching the sword blade to the handle). The samurai often gave names to their swords and believed it was the soul of their warriorship. (Sato 28-33) In addition to swords and bows, samurai used a variety of bladed-pole arms. One of the more common Japanese pole arms was the naginata, which consisted of a sharp blade two to four feet in length mounted on a wooden shaft that  was four to five feet long. The extra reach afforded by these weapons allowed infantry to hold attackers at bay, or make a first strike before an attacker with a sword could reach them. They were also very effective against mounted opponents. (Kure 170) A big change occurred in the late 15th century because of the consistency of war and the introduction of guns into battle. In the 16th century, European traders arrived in Japan for the first time. The Japanese paid large sums for their matchlock guns, quickly mastering the smithing techniques needed to mass produce the weapons. Although the gun is not traditionally associated with samurai, it was a major influence on Japanese warfare from that point on, allowing daimyos to raise large armies of relatively untrained men armed with cheap guns. Many samurai adopted the unreliable weapons, which were best used as a backup to the more trustworthy sword. (Turnbull 73) The sword played a very key role in the methods and philosophies of the samurai. Without the samurai bushido, they would be considered by modern terms to be heartless killers. Bushido means way of the warrior. It was at the heart of the beliefs and conduct of the samurai. The philosophy of bushido is freedom from fear. It meant that the samurai transcended his fear of death. That gave him the peace and power to serve his daimyo faithfully, loyally and die honorably if necessary. Duty is a primary philosophy of the samurai. In order for the samurai to truly be able to serve his purpose, death must be ignored. An excerpt from _Code of the Samurai_ exemplifies this ideology: _One who is a samurai must before all things keep constantly in mind†¦the fact that he has to die. If he is always mindful of this, he will be able to live in accordance with the paths of loyalty and filial duty, will avoid myriads of evils and adversities, keep himself free of disease and calamity and moreover enjoy a long life. He will also be a fine personality with many admirable qualities. For existence is impermanent as the dew of evening, and the hoarfrost of morning, and particularly uncertain is the life of the warrior†¦_ (15) Religiously, Zen Buddhism spread among samurai in the 13th century and helped to shape their standards of conduct, particularly overcoming fear of death and killing, but among the general populace Pure Land Buddhism was predominant. (Kure 12) Honor was so important to the samurai that they would frequently take their own lives in the face of failure, or if they had violated bushido. This honor-bound suicide became very ritualized, taking the form of seppuku. Also known by the more popular phrase hara-kiri, seppuku was a way for a samurai to restore honor to his lord and family, and to fulfill his obligation of loyalty even if he had failed as a samurai. (May 2) Ritualized seppuku involved the samurai wearing the proper garments while he was presented with the ritual knife, wrapped in paper. The samurai would then take the knife and cut open his own stomach, from left to right, with a final upward cut at the end. However, seppuku was not a solitary act, and few samurai were left to die a slow and excruciating death from disembowelment. Another samurai would typically stand behind the one committing seppuku, and behead him with a sharp sword shortly after the seppuku cut was made to spare him from unnecessary suffering. (May 3) The original motivations for this method of death may well have been purely practical. Cutting off ones own head is impossible, and the spirit was felt to reside in the stomach, slitting the belly open was felt to be the most straightforward (if not quickest) way to die and free the spirit. (May 5) Although, seppuku may seem crude in modern day society, it was the only way to regain ones honor, and looked upon as honorable even after the samurais decline towards the end of the 19th century. The role of the samurai during peacetime gradually declined, but two key factors led to the demise of samurai: the urbanization of Japan, and the end of isolationism. As more Japanese citizens moved to the larger urban centers of Japan, there were fewer farmers producing the necessary rice to feed the  growing population. The lavish lifestyle enjoyed by the shoguns and most daimyos started to eat away at the economic system. Many Japanese, including lower class samurai, grew dissatisfied with the shogunate because of the deteriorating economic circumstances. (Dean 37) In 1853, U.S. ships sailed into Edo Bay with Commodore Matthew Perry at the helm, intending to deliver a message from President Millard Fillmore to the emperor. Although the emperor was still considered a figurehead, the shogun truly ruled the country. President Fillmores message was clear. He wanted to open trade relations with Japan, he wanted shipwrecked U.S. sailors to be treated properly by Japanese soldiers and citizens, and he wanted to open Japanese seaports as a resupply stations for American ships. (Kure 167-9) In Perrys wake, a rift divided opposing views in Japan. Some wanted to reject the American offer, continue with isolationism, and maintain their ancient traditions. Others, however, realized that Japan could never defend their country when faced with the better technology of the western civilizations. They proposed opening the gates of Japan with the intention of learning everything they could from the Americans, terminating isolationism and becoming a stronger world power. Ultimately, the bakufu decided to open Japanese seaports for American resupply, and later decided to establish trade with America. (Avakian 41) The emperor initially refused to approve to the treatys conditions, but because he was merely the face of Japanese government, the bakufu went ahead with the treaty anyway. Several factions of rebellious samurai wanted Japan to stay the same, and therefore supported the emperor and began a civil war against the bakufu. To much surprise, they overthrew the shogun, ending the Tokugawa period and restoring the emperor to his rightful power. Lower class samurai took positions of leadership within the administration, controlling the government from behind the new emperor, a young man by the name of Emperor Meiji. This event is known as the Meiji Restoration. (Avakian 43-48) Throughout Japan at the time, the samurai numbered 1.9 million. The samurai in Japan were not merely the lords, but also their higher retainers, people  who actually worked. With each samurai being paid fixed stipends, the upkeep presented an immense financial burden, which provoked the emperor and his oligarchy to act accordingly. Whatever their true intentions, the oligarchs started a slow and deliberate process to abolish the samurai class. First, in 1873, it was proclaimed that the samurai stipends were to be taxed on a rolling basis. Later, in 1874, the samurai were given the choice to convert their stipends into government bonds. Finally, in 1876, this option of conversion was made obligatory. (Avakian 49-54) Finally, in 1876, the emperor banned samurai from wearing their swords, leading to the creation of a drafted standing army. The final bell had tolled for the samurai they no longer existed. Not surprisingly, this led to a series of riots from disgruntled samurai. One of the major riots, the Satsuma rebellion, eventually turned into a civil war. This rebellion was, however, put down swiftly by the newly created imperial army The new army was trained in Western tactics and utilized more advanced weapons. Ironically, the core of the new army was the Tokyo Police force, which was formed largely of former samurai who had helped the emperor regain his empire. This sent a strong message to the nonconformist, rebellious samurai that their time was indeed up. (Kure 172-174) The samurai continue to impress, and serve as a model for obedience, reverence, and loyalty on so many different scales. The incredibly rich heritage provided by this elite class of warrior leaders can be linked to the foundations of numerous facets of the life we lead today. Although the samurai cease to exist, their spirit of honor and discipline has found a home in modern times. From the kamikaze pilots of Japan in World War II, to martial artists and even modern businessman who look to bushido as a guide to living an honorable life, samurai continue to positively influence Japan today. BIBLIOGRAPHY Avakian, Monique. The Meiji Restoration and the Rise of Modern Japan. Boston: Silver Burdett, 1991. 38-54. Cook, Harry. Samurai: the Story of a Warrior Tradition. New York: Sterling, 1998. 22-35. Yuzan Daidoji, Oscar Ratti, and Thomas Cleary. The Code of the Samurai. Boston: Tuttle, 1999. 10-44. Dean, Arlan. Samurai: Warlords of Japan. New York: Scholastic Library, 2005. 19-37. Kure, Mitsuo. Samurai: An Illustrated History. Boston: Tuttle Publishing, 2001. 10-179. May, Nick. Seppuku a Practical Guide. Gaijin Gleaner (1997): 1-5. 1 Dec. 2006 . Sato, Kanzan. The Japanese Sword: A Comprehensive Guide. New York: Kodansha International, Ltd., 1983. 28-80 Turnbull, Stephen. Samurai Warfare. New York: Sterling, 1996. 44-73. Yamamoto, Tsunetomo, and William S. Wilson. Hagakure: the Book of the Samurai. Tokyo: Kodansha America, 1983. 17-65.

Fate :: essays research papers

FATE (Explain the line, “Fate will unwind as it must.';)in Beowulf   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The line, “Fate will unwind as it must,'; (284) not only shows that the people believed they had no control of their destiny, but it is also relevant that Paganism was a significant part of their every day life. There are many illustrations throughout the poem Beowulf, that portray the importance of fate to the people. Often, the word fate was used as a way of showing the outcome of what has already come about.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fate was a way of saying that the people’s destiny was already chosen, that they had no control, but everything would turn out as it should. For example, “But fate, that night, intended Grendel to gnaw the broken bones of his last human supper,'; (309-310). This is a way of foreshadowing the fate, or destiny, or Grendel’s life. During the Last Battle, Beowulf replies “I mean to stand, not run from his shooting flames, stand till fate decides which of us wins,'; (637-639). He acted as though everything that he has gone through so far in his life, was in the hands of fate, and would continue to be until his time was over. Whatever came out of this battle, was meant to be and there was nothing that was going to change it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fate is related to the Pagan religion. Paganism was the religion that was most often used during the time of Beowulf. It is referred to every time fate is mentioned, because they didn’t believe in one God and thought that fate had control over them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fate was also used as saying the outcome of something that had already come about. For example, on line 46, Hrothgar mourns over the fate of his companions, “Hrothgar, their lord, sat joyless in Herot, a mighty prince mourning the fate of his lost friends and companions.'; Here it is used as a way of saying their lives had already ended.

The Temple of Heaven

Autqem Neter Sh. Nu Au Mu Samga History May 20, 2012 The Temple of Heaven The Temple of Heaven is located in the southern area of Beijing. Occupying an area of 273 hectares, it is three times the area of the Forbidden City. It was built in 1420 A. D. , for emperors to worship Heaven. The main buildings include the Altar or Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests, Imperial Vault of Heaven and Circular Mound Altar. In 1998, the Temple of Heaven was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List. Beginning in 2005, the Temple of Heaven underwent a 47 million Yuan (6 million USD) renovation that was completed on May 1st, 2006.The Altar or Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest, 38 meters tall and 30 meters in diameter, stands on a round foundation built with three tiers of marble stone. This large hall is under a three-story, cone-shaped glaze-tile roof in blue color crowned with a gilded knob. A circular wall of polished bricks known as the Echo Wall encloses the Imperial Vault of Heaven. The Circular Mount Altar, south to the Imperial Vault of Heaven, is where the emperor prayed to heaven. At the center lies a round stone called the Center of Heaven Stone that echoes when a visitor speaks loudly when standing on the stone.The Temple of Heaven is enclosed with a long wall. The northern part within the wall is semicircular symbolizing the heavens and the southern part is square symbolizing the earth. The northern part is higher than the southern part. This design shows that the heaven is high and the earth is low and the design reflected an ancient Chinese thought of ‘The heaven is round and the earth is square. The Temple is divided by two enclosed walls into inner part and outer part. The main buildings of the Temple lie at the south and north ends of the middle axis line of the inner part.The most magnificent buildings are The Circular Mound Altar (Yuanqiutan), Imperial Vault of Heaven (Huangqiongyu) and Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest (Qiniandian) from south to north. Also, t here are some additional buildings like Three Echo Stones and Echo Wall. Almost all of the buildings are connected by a wide bridge called Vermilion Steps Bridge (Danbiqiao) or called Sacred Way. The Circular Altar has three terraces layered with white marble. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties (1368 A. D. – 1911 A. D. ), the emperors would offer sacrifice to Heaven on the day of the Winter Solstice every year.This ceremony was to thank Heaven and hope everything would be good in the future. The picture below is of The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest, a big palace with a round roof in three layers. Inside the Hall are 28 huge posts. Four posts along the inner circle represent four seasons-spring, summer, autumn and winter, 12 posts along the middle circle represent the 12 months; and 12 posts along the outer circle represent 12 Shichen (Shichen is a means of counting time in ancient China). The roof is covered with black, yellow and green colored glaze representing the heaven s, the earth and everything on earth.The Hall has a base named Altar for Grain Prayers which is made of three layers of white marble and has a height of six meters. The numbers 3 and 9, in particular, recur in the layout and design; these are important or ‘lucky' numbers in Chinese numerology. The number 9, being the highest value digit is associated with the emperor. Its square root, 3, has a natural occurrence in terms of beginning, middle and end. The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests was constructed relying only on carpentry, with no nails employed. This building was commissioned by Qing dynasty emperor Qian Long (reign: 1736-1795) in 1775.

Multiplex Industry in India

Consulting Industry Overview †¢ †¢ The Indian film industry is the largest film industry in the world in terms of the number of films produced and admissions each year. Revenue for 2004 was estimated at Rs. 59 billion (US$1. 3 billion), which was less than 1% of global film industry revenue and a fraction of the U. S. Film industry revenue, which was US$9. 49 billion in 2003. (Source CII ) Film Industry Revenues 12% 4% 57% 9% 2% 2% 14% Domestic Theatrical Leakages piracy In Cinema Ads Music Satellite / DTH / IPTV DVD / VCD / Overseas Cable Overseas TheatricalNearly 80% of Indian Industry revenues come from Domestic and Overseas Theatrical. On the contrary US Film Industry earns only 35% from box office sales and remaining 65% is derived from other revenue sources This clearly signifies the onset and potential of Multiplexes in the Indian Film Exhibition Sector. Consulting Consulting The Film Exhibition Industry †¢ †¢ The Indian film exhibition sector had revenues of Rs. 34 billion in 2004. (Source:CII) The Film Exhibition Industry can be divided into two segments: – – single and double-screen cinemas and multiplex cinemas, i. e. hree screens or more. †¢ As of March 2005, there were approximately 12,000 cinemas in India of which 73 were multiplexes with a total of 276 screens. Multiplexes constitute only 0. 6 % of about 12,000 cinema halls in India, but account for 28% to 34 % of the box office take for the Top 50 films in 2004. (Source Yes Bank) †¢ Consulting The Film Exhibition Industry: Multiplex More than 60 additional multiplexes with more than 220 additional screens are slated to commence operations by the end of 2006, a growth rate of 80-100% Average price of a ticket for a multiplex cinema is Rs. 5 – 85 but the number of screens in multiplexes represented only 2. 3% of total screens in India as of March 2005. (Source:Industry Estimates) An increase in the number of Multiplex screens should result in an i ncrease in film exhibition revenues, so the opening of new Multiplexes represents a significant growth opportunity for the industry. S c re e ns P e r M illio n P o pula tio n 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 India UK Belgium Ger many Spain Italy Ir eland Denmar k Fr ance USA 117 77 52 30 12 43 45 46 53 61In India, the number of screens per million of population is just 12 whereas the average in western countries is 40. India needs 20,000 screens to cater the entire cinema viewing population Consulting The Film Exhibition Industry: Multiplex No of Multiplex in Cities 16 12 8 4 0 12 6 5 4 4 3 3 Nasik Multiplexs Across Regions as on March 2005 (source Yes Bank) 3 Pune 23 North South East Delhi Kolkata Mumbai & Suburbs Ahmedabad Ghaziabad Gurgaon 42 3 5 West Geographic Distribution of Theatres Across India Ficci – E&Y Report 2004Andhra Pradesh 24% 21% Kerala Karnataka Maharashtra Uttar Pradesh Tamil Nadu Others 10% 19% 8% 9% 9% Number of Screens 3 Screens 4 Screens 5 Screens 6 Screens More than 6 Screens Number of Number of Number of Seats / Multiplexes Screens Seats Screens 40 120 43143 360 21 84 25862 308 6 30 10148 338 4 24 6991 291 2 18 3326 185 73 276 89470 1482 Majority of multiplexes have 3 screens. The table enlists the number of multiplexes sub-divided by the number of screens and seats. Consulting Consulting Key playersCompany PVR Cinemas * Inox Leisure Limited Adlabs Films * Shringar Cinemas Wave Cinemas E-City Cinemas Total % of India # of Properties # of Screens 7 34 5 25 4 14 3 14 3 13 3 14 25 114 34% 41% # of Seats 7333 7344 5666 4588 4380 3952 33263 37% * Only film exhibitio n pro perties with 3 o r mo re s creens have been co ns idered fo r this analys is So urce: Bo llywo o d Emerging Trends & Gro wth Drivers – Yes Bank Repo rt 2005 Kindly note that the No of Properties , Screens and Seats have been updated in the subsequent slides * from respective Company Web Sites as new properties have come up after report was published.Six largest mu ltiplex operators of India tabulated above operate 114 screens spread across 25 properties with a cumulative seating capacity of 33,263. This constitutes 34%, 41% and 37% of India’s total multiplex properties, screens and seats respectively. (Source: Market Estimates) Consulting Key player : Adlabs Films Adlabs Upcom ing Multiplexes Nam e City Screens Cineplex Adlabs Ansal Vaishali Plaza Metro Adlabs Mangal Adlabs Goldspot Adlabs Adlabs Palm Beach Himalaya Adlabs RDB Boulevard IMAX, Mani Square Ansal Mall Gopalan Legacy Adlabs Dattani Mall Nam eSeats 1,076 1,003 1,491 1,102 1,362 1,008 1,200 1,050 1,350 1,200 1,100 1,100 Adlabs Upcoming Multiplexes Name City Screens Seats Sangam Adlabs Mumbai 4 1250 R Town Fortune City Mall Ansal Plaza Maheshwari Parmeshwari Adlabs RAP, Borivali Rap Mirage RAP Media Ltd RAP Media Ltd RAP Media Ltd RAP Media Ltd Mumbai Bangalore Gurgaon Hyderabad 8 to 10 8 to 10 3 5 to 6 2200 2,200 1,000 1600 Mangalore Ghaziabad Mumbai Indore Hyderabad New Mum bai Ahmedabad Kolkata Kolkatta Greater Noida Bangalore Thane 3 6 4 4 4 5 3 4 4 4 4 RAP Metropolitan RAP Media Ltd Patiala Little world Mall Kharghar Paras Zirakhpur Downtown Total upcoming Mumbai Agra Amritsar Jalandhar Ludhiana Mohali (Chandigarh) Moradabad 4 3 6 5 7 5 3 5 4 to 5 4 122 – 128 1250 1004 1,700 1,500 2,000 1,500 1016 1,450 1,200 1300 36,212 Adlabs Film s Ltd Exis ting M ultiple xe s Location City Scre e n Kalyani Nagar CIDCO Wadala Mulund Kanjurmarg Andheri Sahibabad Industrial Estate Pune Nashik Mumbai Mumbai Mumbai Mumbai Ghaziabad 3 3 5 4 4 5 4 28Se ats 1,109 1,200 1,832 1,353 1,263 1,282 1,313 9,352 Gold Adlabs Divya Adlabs Imax Adlabs R-Adlabs Huma Adlabs Fame Adlabs Aerens R Imax at Rap Adlabs Adlabs Films Ltd was founded by Mr. Manmohan Shetty and Mr. Vasanji Mamania In 2005, (Reliance – ADA Group) acquired a 50. 16% stake in Adlabs Films Limited Consulting Key player : E-City Entertainment E – City Entertainment (Essel Group)Nam e Sigma Mal l Fun Republic Fun Republic City Centre Cross River Mall Ansals Plaza II Pacif ic Mall Nand Plaza Fun Republic Fun Republic TDIChandigarh Fun Republic Malnz Times Square (Jagat Cinema) Axis Mall Lake Mall Times Square Dindayal City Mall Fun Republic Dreams Mall Kukreja Mall AEZ Carnival Country North Square TDI Mall V3S Mall Mittal's Mega Mall Ansals Plaza Mittal's Mega Mall Sun City Mall Ansals Royale Plaza Grand Total Location Bangalore Hyderabad Lucknow Mumbai New Delhi Punjab Agra, Uttar Pradesh Agra, Uttar Pradesh Ahmedabad Chandigarh Chandigarh Coimbatore G. T. Road Jaipur Kolkatta Kolkotta Kota M.P Mumbai Mumbai Mumbai NCR (Uttar Pradesh) New Delhi New Delhi New Delhi Panipat, Haryana Punjab Punjab Rajasthan Rajasthan Since /Targe t Date March, 2006 Planned 2007 April, 2006 Planned 2007 March, 2006 Planned 2008 May, 2006 Planned 2006 June, 2001 November, 2003 Planned 2007 Planned 2006 Planned 2008 December,2005 Planned 2008 Planned 2007 Planned 2006 Planned 2006 August, 2003 Planned 2006 June, 2006 March, 2006 February, 2006 December, 2005 February, 2006 Planned 2006 Planned 2007 Planned 2009 Planned 2007 Planned 2007 No of Scre e ns 3 6 4 4 4 4 4 3 6 4 3 6 6 2 4 4 4 4 6 5 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 120E-City Entertainment is a business segment of the Essel Group. In Film Exhibition they have 2 Brands 1. Fun Republic Entertainment 2. Fun Multiplex. †¢ E City Entertainment has made a prominent appearance Metros across Regions like Mumbai and Delhi. †¢ And is seen to be targeting Tier 2 Tier 3 Cities like Coimbatore, Rajasthan, Punjab, Kolkata Consulting Key player : Shringar CinemasShringar Cinemas Ltd Existing Multiplexes Fame Adlabs 5 screens , 1342 seats Fame Malad 6 screens, 1571 seats Fame Nasik 3 Screens, 1407 Seats Fame Kandivali 4 Screens, 1275 Seats Fame Kolkata 4 Screens, 900 Seats Fame Pune 3 Screens – 1009 Seats Grand Total 25 Screens 7504 Seats †¢ Shringar Cinemas, managed by promoters who have been one of the largest film dis tributors in Western India for Hindi films. Company is focusing on Western India i. e. Mumbai, Pune, Nashik, Aurangabad as well as Eastern Indian i. e. Kolkata Shringar Cinemas Ltd Upcoming Projects FAME FAME FAME FAME FAME FAME Allahabad Ghatkopar Aurangabad Hyderabad Surat – Raj Empire Thane 4 screens and 1250 seats 3 screens and approximately 1000 seats. 3 screens and approximately 900 seats 6 Screen 5 screens Consulting Key player :Inox Leisure LtdInox Leisure Ltd Existing Multiplexes No of screens City Location Mumbai Nariman Point 5 Bangalore Magrath Road 5 Vadodara Race Course Circle 4 Pune Bund Garden 4 Goa Panaji 4 Kolkatta Salt Lake 4 Kolkatta Elgin Road 4 Indore Sapna Sangeeta 3 Darjeeling Laden La road 3 Jaipur Vaibhav Nagar 2 Grand Total 38 No of seats 1335 1103 1318 1316 1271 1144 1016 1080 811 787 11181 Inox Leisure LtdUpcoming Projects Location Screens Seats Vishakhapatnam Raipur Lucknow Kolkatta Kharagpur Jaipur Jaipur Hyderabad Chennai Bangalore Bangalore Ba ngalore Grand Total 4 4 4 5 4 3 3 6 5 4 7 7 56 1300 1250 1000 1042 1200 750 750 1470 1156 1100 1860 1720 14598 Inox Leisure plans to target very specifically cities in South India Like Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad, Vishakhapatnam. Consulting Key player : PVRPVR Cinemas Existing Locations Name PVR Bangalore PVR Priya PVR Saket PVR Vikaspuri PVR Narania PVR Gurgaon PVR EDM PVR Faridabad PVR SRS Faridabad PVR Plaza Spice PVR PVR Hyderabad PVR Rivoli PVR Lucknow PVR Indore PVR Mumbai Grand Total Location Screens Seats Bangalore 11 NA Delhi NA 944 Delhi 4 1000 Delhi 3 921 Delhi 4 830 Gurgaon 7 1300 Ghaziabad 3 720 2 480 Faridabad (Ha NCR Delhi 3 776 Delhi NA 300 Noida NA 1821 Hyderabad 5 812* Delhi 3 329* Lucknow 4 928 Indore 5 1199 Mumbai 2+3 NA 57 approx 12360 Approx PVR Cinemas UpcomingCinemas PVR C INEMAS Mumbai PVR C INEMAS New Delhi PVR C INEMAS Mumbai PVR C INEMAS Mumbai PVR C INEMAS New Delhi PVR C INEMAS C hennai PVR C INEMAS Mumbai PVR C INEMAS Ludhiana PVR C INEMAS Gurgaon Pr ashant Vihar, Delhi Latur Aurangabad Silver Arc, Ludhiana TOTAL Screens 6 Screens 6 Screens 7 Screens 8 Screens 6 Screens 7 Screens 4 Screens 4 Screens 2 Screens 3 Screens 3 Screens 3 Screens 3 Screens 71 Screens Seats 1750 1269 2050 2200 1500 1600 1250 1000 450 800 1050 1100 1000 Expected In Fiscal 2006 Fiscal 2007 Fiscal 2007 Fiscal 2007 Fiscal 2008 Fiscal 2007 Fiscal 2007 Fiscal 2007 Fiscal 2006 Fiscal 2006 Fiscal 2006 Fiscal 2006 Fiscal 2008 9310 Seats †¢ PVR Cinemas setup India’s first multiplex in 1997 at Delhi. †¢ The Company has been funded by ICICI Venture and is in final stages of closing second round of equity funding for future expansion †¢ PVR Cinemas is focusing on developing multiplex properties in Northern, Western and Southern India (Bangalore & Hyderabad) Consulting Key player : Wave Cinemas Wave Cinemas is a part of The Chadha Group. Currently operates 13 screens spread across 3 properties. With existing operations in Noida, Kaushambhi and Lu cknow. Wave Cinemas is a regional player focusing on Northern India. enetrating in untapped raw territory in UP and Ghaziabad. Wave Cinemas Existing Cinemas Location Screens Noida 5 Kaushambi ( Ghaziabad) 4 Lucknow 4 Grand Total 13 Seats 1804 1192 1394 4390 Wave Cinemas Upcoming Projects Mohali ALL LOCATIONS ARE Ludhiana IN NORTHERN INDIA Raja Garden Delhi Consulting Consulting Summary: Growth Drivers Growth drivers responsible for the expected increase in the number of multiplex cinemas are as follows: †¢ An increase in disposable income in the hands of an ever expanding Indian middle class demographic changes tax benefits for multiplex cinemas retail boom Favourable †¢ Organised †¢ Entertainment †¢ Increase in the number of high grade Hindi films. Consulting Favourable Demographics Demographics †¢ †¢ (source CIA fact sheet July 2005 Est) Current Population: 1 billion+ (1,080,264,388) growing between 1. 4% to 1. 8% annually Age structure: 0-14 years: 3 1. 2% 15-64 years: 63. 9% 65 years and over: 4. 9% Median age: 24. 66 years A younger population tends to have higher aspirations, and will spend more as it enters the earning phase. †¢ †¢ Consulting Increase in Disposal IncomeClasses Rich Consuming Climbers Aspirants Destitutes Between Above USD 4,600 USD 970 – 4,600 USD 470 – 970 USD 340 – 470 Less USD 340 Households in Households in Households in 1995 2000 2006E 1 million 3 million 6 million 29 million 66 million 75 million 48 milliom 66 million 78 million 48 million 32 million 33 million 32 million 24 million 17 million URBAN CONSUMER SPEND % (Source KSA Technopak) Categories 1999 2002 Savings & Investments 14 5. 2 Consumption Shopping 22 24. 3 Leisure & Entertainment 21 29. 1 Grocery 43 41. 4 Sub total of Consumption 86 94. Total 100 100 Source: CII – KPMG Report 2005 accredited NCAER Multiplexes generally cater to High and Middle income Groups, with an increase in the number of households within this earning group, will result to higher consumption and spending patterns. Similarly migration of households from lower income to middle income levels will further drive the consumption patterns. Urban consumers have increased their expenditure on leisure & entertainment. Simultaneously spends on eating out, movies and theater, and books and music will increase. ConsultingOnset of Retail Activity †¢ Though Organised retail comprises of 3% of the total retail pie of USD 200 Billion, it is growing at 25 to 30% CAGR Number of malls in India is expected to increase from approximately 50 as of the end of 2004 to around 250 by the end of 2006. (Source: BW Marketing Whitebook, 2005, attributed to KSA Technopak. ) †¢ †¢ †¢ There will be approximately 600 malls by 2010 Securities study) (Source Edelweiss Multiplexes are one of the anchor tenants in large format malls, as their presence increases footfalls by approximately 40-50%. Source: CII) Consulting Entertain ment tax benefits Entertainment Tax Exemption / Benefit Minimum Minimum Seating No of Screens 1250 4 1000 1000 1000 NA NA 3 3 3 NA 3 STATE Delhi Gujrat Maharashtra Mumbai Kalyan, Thane, Dombivali, Navi Mumbai, Nasik, Aurangabad, Nagpur Vasai, Virar, Nallasopara Karnataka UP Tamil Nadu West Bengal ENTERTAINMENT TAX 30% 100% 45% 45% 40% City Mumbai Rest of Maharashtra Punjab Kolkatta Rajasthan UP Bhopal/Indore/ Jabalpur/Gwali or Yr 1 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Yr 2 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Yr 3 100% 100% 100% 100% 90% 100%Yr 4 75% 75% 100% 100% 80% 100% Yr 5 75% 75% 100% NA 70% 100% 34% 40% 60% 15% 30% 100% 100% 100% 75% 50% 1000 3 Source PVR Cinema Research †¢ In order to encourage investment many state governments have announced policies offering entertainment tax benefits. †¢ This has encouraged the growth of Multiplex Cinemas and also encouraged singlescreen theaters to convert into Multiplexes. †¢ Quantum of entertainment tax benefit would be dependant on c ompliance with certain conditions specified by the relevant state. Consulting Increase in Hindi Movies 001 Average number of high grade Hindi films released per week 1. 15 2002 1. 46 2003 1. 58 2004 1. 71 Source: Bollywood Emerging Trends & Growth Drivers – Yes Bank Report 2005 The number of Hindi movies has increased from year 2001 to 2004. This signifies immense potential and is definitely a sign of being a crowd puller and generating more revenue. Consulting Regulatory †¢ †¢ †¢ The Indian film exhibition sector is highly regulated and changes in regulations may have an adverse effect on business. Regulations by both the central and the state governments.Policies extend to aspects of building and safety requirements, licensing requirements, tax and entertainment tax registrations and grant of exemptions from the payment of entertainment tax. Provisions of laws include: – Requiring a minimum distance between the screen and the front row seats, which dis tances were set based on large screens used in singlescreen cinemas and not the smaller screens used at most Multiplex Cinemas. – The permissible pressure at which the electrical current may be supplied to a projector, which provision does not reflect the technological advances in respect of Multiplex Cinemas. The reservation of playing times for a scientific film, educational film, news reel or documentary. , – Restrictions on ticket prices in certain states. †¢ Consulting Break-Up of Revenues REVENUE Patron’s Spend Ticket Revenue Advertising F&B Revenues Conducting Fee Parking Charges Management Fee Consulting Break-Up of Cost Cost Direct Cost Distributors Share Entertainment Tax F&B Cost A 1250 seater Multiplex in a metropolitan city would cost anywhere between Rs80-90mn. This does not include the cost of land because the land may be leased Personnel CostDepreciation Interest Consulting Way Forward †¢ Over the next 18-24 months, 6 of the largest mul tiplex operators in India mentioned earlier are likely to commercialize approximately 200-240 screens spread across 50- 60 new multiplexes. †¢ These multiplexes will have a cumulative seating capacity in excess of 55000-60000. †¢ There will also be an increase in number of multiplexes operated by smaller players, who constituted 66% of total multiplexes as of march 2005. †¢ It is estimated that number of operating multiplexes in India will increase by 80-100% by end of 2006. By the end of 2006, 135+ multiplexes will house more than 160,000 seats spread across 500+ screens. †¢ These multiplexes will have significant direct positive impact on the business economics of film production, financing, distribution and exhibition and indirectly on other ancillary markets. (Source: Yes bank) Consulting D’Essence Consulting, New MHADA Complex, Bldg no. 1 , Office no. 2, Near PMGP Colony, Andheri East Mumbai 400093 Fax- 28228142 / Tel-28347425 www. dessenceconsulting. com EmaiL: [email  protected] com [email  protected] com

Human Body Project Ideas for Biology and Behavior

Human Body Project Ideas for Biology and Behavior Human body science projects and studies allow us to get a better understanding of the human body. Not only do we gain an improved knowledge of anatomical functions, but we gain a greater understanding of human behavior as well. The following human body project ideas provide suggestions for topics that can be explored through experimentation. Behavioral Project Ideas Does your sense of smell alter your sense of taste?Which sense (taste, smell, touch) is best for identifying foods?Does music affect blood pressure?Does fear affect blood pressure? (Fear Science Project - Sample)How does caffeine affect the body?Does exercise affect memory retention?Does music affect hand-eye coordination?Does the weather affect a persons mood?Does playing video games affect a persons heart rate?Do colors affect a persons mood? (Colors and Mood Project - Sample)Does gender affect reaction time?Is yawning contagious?Does smiling affect a persons mood?Does human behavior change during a full moon?Does room temperature affect concentration?Does sight affect the ability to determine sound direction? Biological Project Ideas Does a persons BMI affect blood pressure?Do all people have the same normal body temperature?Which type of exercises increases muscle growth the most?How do various types of acid (phosphoric acid, citric acid, etc.) affect tooth enamel?Do a persons heart rate and blood pressure vary during the day?Does exercise affect lung capacity?Does blood vessel elasticity affect blood pressure?Is calcium necessary for bone strength?Does light intensity affect peripheral vision?Does eye color affect a persons ability to distinguish colors?Do different stressors ( heat, cold, etc.) affect nerve sensitivity?Do food smells affect saliva production? Human Body Information Need additional information about the human body for your project? These resources will help you get started: The human body is made up of several organ systems that work together as one unit. Find out what you need to know about organ systems.Have you ever wondered why certain sounds make you cringe? Learn about your five senses and how they work.The brain is a fascinating organ that directs a multitude of functions in the body. Discover how sweets can alter your brain, why swinging makes you fall asleep faster, and how video games affect brain function.Want to learn some interesting facts about the body? Discover 10 Fascinating Facts About Your Heart, 12 Facts About Your Blood, 10 Facts About Cells, and 8 Different Types of Body Cells. More Science Project Ideas For more information and ideas for science projects, see 30 Ideas for Animal Experiments and Projects, 22 Ideas for Science Experiments Using Plants, 8 Types of Biology-Based Science Fair Projects, Scientific Method Steps, and How to Write a Bibliography for a Science Fair Project. Science Models Constructing models is a fun and exciting way to learn about science. Try making a model of the lungs or making a DNA model using candy. It is important to note that just constructing a model is not an experiment. Models should be used to enhance your science project.

Computers Essay †La computadora es muy beneficiosa

Computers Essay – La computadora es muy beneficiosa Free Online Research Papers Computers Essay La computadora es muy beneficiosa Discuss the changes computers have made in our lives. What impact is they having today and will have in the future? La computadora se inicio como sà ³lo un avance tecnolà ³gico, pero paso a paso y a travà ©s de su perfeccionamiento comenzà ³ a formar parte de nuestras vidas. Actualmente la computadora es indispensable en nuestra cotidianidad. La computadora es muy beneficiosa al momento de facilitarnos muchas cosas. Por ejemplo anteriormente realizar una investigacià ³n era mucho mas complejo porque una biblioteca era la referencia obligada. Sin embargo, actualmente podemos realizar cualquier investigacià ³n desde la comodidad de nuestras casas, esto gracias a la computadora. Eso entre muchas otras comodidades que ofrece la computadora como entretenimiento y facilidades para la trascripcià ³n. Por todo esto es que se habla de las computadoras como un aparato tecnolà ³gico indispensable en nuestras vidas. Claro est tambià ©n que no todo es tan beneficioso. Porque ha sido la computadora y todas sus facilidades la creadora de generaciones enteras dependientes de una computadora e incapaces de realizar cualquier accià ³n antes nombrada sin contar con la computadora. Estamos corriendo el riesgo entonces de convertirnos en seres inà ºtiles. Es imposible estar en contra de los avances tecnolà ³gicos, sabiendo adems que ese avance es continuo y progresivo. Pero es necesario limitar un poco los posibles impactos negativos que esos avances tecnolà ³gicos puedan tener en nosotros. Corremos el riesgo de que en el futuro sean las maquinas computarizadas mas à ºtiles que nosotros. Es este el riesgo de seguir dndole crà ©dito a las facilidades que nos otorga la computadora pero la tecnologà ­a es como una marea que nos arrastra. Es cuestià ³n de saber limitar la tecnologà ­a sin oponernos a ella. Solamente de esta manera estaremos evitando las posibles causas que lleven en un futuro a la humanidad a ser desplazados por estas maquinas con cerebros artificiales. Research Papers on Computers Essay - La computadora es muy beneficiosaThe Project Managment Office SystemCapital PunishmentEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenGenetic EngineeringHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayTwilight of the UAWThe Fifth HorsemanAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product